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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Order of the Knights of St. Crispin ： ウィキペディア英語版 Order of the Knights of St. Crispin The Order of the Knights of St Crispin was an American labor union of shoe workers formed in Wisconsin in 1867. It soon reached a membership of 50,000 or more, largely in the Northeast. However it was poorly organized and faded away by 1874. They fought encroachments of machinery and unskilled labor on the autonomy of skilled shoe workers.〔Don Divance Lescohier, ''The Knights of St. Crispin, 1867-1874: A Study in the Industrial Causes of Trade Unionism'' (1912) 〕 == History == The first lodge of the Knights of St. Crispin was organized in 1867 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. As a union of shoemakers, it took its name from the Catholic Saint Crispin, the patron saint of cobblers. The Order spread throughout Wisconsin and the Northeast and even into Canada. By 1871 it claimed about 400 lodges with 50,000 to 60,000 members. Dues paying members were far fewer. In Milwaukee the Knights owned and operated three cooperative shops. In 1872 some eastern lodges went on strike and suffered a crushing defeat, after which the organization rapidly declined.〔Current, Richard N. ''The History of Wisconsin Vol. II The Civil War Era, 1848-1873''. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1976. pp.187-188〕 The order was revived in 1875 in Lynn, Massachusetts and defeated an attempt by the manufacturers to force their workers to sign a pledge not to join a union.〔Preuss, Arthur ''A Dictionary of Secret and other Societies'' St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co. 1924; republished Detroit: Gale Reference Company 1966; p.228-9〕 In its heyday the Knights fought against employment of Chinese workers and tried to stop the training of new workers so as to keep wages high. The national depression of 1873 caused heavy layoffs in the factories and the Knights lost members rapidly.〔Lescohier, 1912〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Order of the Knights of St. Crispin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.